A |
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| Actual cash value |
| The present-day value of property measured in cash, 用重置成本减去物理磨损和报废带来的折旧得到的. |
| Actuary |
| 研究概率论和统计理论在保险及相关领域的实际问题中的应用的人. Actuarial responsibilities extend to the calculation of premiums, evaluation of various reserves, 对长期和短期财务结果的预测. |
| Additional insured |
| A person, other than the one in whose name an insurance policy is written, who is protected against loss by terms of the policy. |
| Agent |
| 代表保险人谈判、服务或履行保险合同的代表. |
| Aggregate |
| The maximum limit of liability payable by an insurance carrier on behalf of a policyholder during any given policy period |
| All risk insurance |
| 保险单的名称，除保险单条款中特别排除的风险外，承保由一切危险所引起的损失. |
| Allied lines |
| Types of insurance associated with property insurance, which may include earthquake, sprinkler leakage, and income and extra expense coverage. |
| Application |
| A form or document used by a person seeking insurance to provide information about their operations, and to indicate type and amount of coverage desired. |
| Appraisal |
| An estimate of quantity, quality, or value. 该术语也指提出价值估计和结论的报告. |
| Arbitration |
| 被保险人与本公司就损失金额发生争议时, 可以指定双方认可的人来考虑事实并作出判决. The arbitrator's decision is binding and final on both parties. |
| Attractive nuisance |
| 对儿童特别有吸引力的危险的地方、条件或物体. 在这些案件中，法院经常认为“吸引力”存在, 业主有责任采取措施防止对可能被吸引的人造成伤害，如果没有这样做，业主可能要承担责任. |
| Audit |
| 对投保人记录的调查，以确定应向保险公司支付保险费的实际风险. |
| Aviation insurance |
| Contractual protection against losses connected with airline accidents on domestic scheduled airplanes. |
B |
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| Benefits |
| The sum of money provided in an insurance policy to be paid for certain types of loss under the terms of an insurance policy. |
| Binder |
| 在保单合同执行之前的临时保险合同. It should contain a definite time limit, should be in writing, and clearly designate the company in which the risk is bound, the amount and the perils insured against, as well as the type of insurance. |
| Blanket coverage |
| Coverage under a single limit for two or more items, (e.g. 建筑和/或内容)两个或更多的位置，或项目和/或位置的组合. |
| Bodily injury liability |
| 对因身体伤害而由法律强加给被保险人的赔偿责任所造成的损失的保险保护, 除雇员以外的任何人所患的疾病或疾病. |
| Broker |
| 保险经纪人通常是一名保险律师，他不以代理人的身份代表保险公司，而是向被保险人指定的公司或自己选择的公司下单投保. The term "broker" frequently is used incorrectly to designate an agent of more than one insurance company. |
| Burglary |
| Breaking and entering into premises of another, with felonious intent, and with visible signs of forced entry. 大多数保险条款都明确规定了入室盗窃, 因此，明智的做法是确保保单中的“盗窃”一词提供了你所需要的保险范围. |
C |
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| Carrier |
| The insurance company that provides or "carries" the insurance. |
| Casualty insurance |
| 由意外事故或不幸事故引起的损失或责任的保险范围，不包括根据法律或习惯被认为完全属于其他类型保险(如火灾或海上保险)范围内的某些类型的损失. It includes, but is not limited to, employees' liability insurance, workers compensation insurance, public liability insurance, automobile liability insurance, plate glass insurance, burglary and theft insurance; also personal liability insurance, forgery, power plant and aviation insurance. |
| Catastrophe |
| A sudden and severe calamity or disaster. 造成巨额损失的事件. |
| Certificate of insurance |
| 向有兴趣的第三方提供覆盖范围的证据的文件. |
| Chartered Property and Casualty Underwriter (C.P.C.U.) |
| 美国财产和责任保险商协会授予完成课程并通过一系列考试的人的称号. |
| Claim |
| A demand for payment under an insurance contract or bond. The estimated or actual amount of a loss. |
| Claim severity |
| The average cost of each claim. |
| Classification |
| 某一特定风险必须置于其中的承销或评级组, as determined by the risk's type of business, location and other factors. Classifying persons, property or operations as a basis for tabulating statistical experience and determining premium rates. |
| Coinsurance |
| An arrangement by which the insured, 考虑到降低的费率，同意承担等于被保险财产总价值的一个百分比的保险金额. |
| Commercial lines |
| The various kinds of insurance written for businesses. |
| Commercial multiple-line policy |
| A package policy featuring a broad range of property and liability coverages designed for businesses. |
| Comparative negligence |
| A rule used in negligence cases in some states that provides for computing both the plaintiffs and the defendant's negligence, with the plaintiffs damages being reduced by a percentage representing the degree of his or her contributing fault. 如果发现原告的过失大于被告的过失, 原告将得不到任何东西，并将受到被告的反诉. |
| Competitive state fund |
| A state fund writing insurance in competition with private insurers. |
| Compulsory auto liability insurance |
| A state law requiring motorists to obtain minimum auto liability coverages for bodily injury and property damages. |
| Concealment |
| 隐瞒有关保险风险或者损失性质的重要事实. Withholding essential information from the insurer in negotiating an insurance contract or in making a claim. |
| Consequential loss |
| A loss not directly caused by damage to property but which arises as a result of such damage (i.e., loss of rent). |
| Contract |
| An agreement entered into by two or more parties by the terms of which one or more of the parties, for a consideration, undertakes to do or to refrain from doing some act or acts in accordance with the wishes of the other party or parties. 有管辖权的当事人必须签订合同，合同才有效力和约束力, be bound by a consideration, possess mutuality, represent an actual meeting of minds, and cover a legal and moral act. |
| Contributory negligence |
| 由于个人的疏忽，导致了事故的发生. |
| Coverage |
| 根据保险单条款对特定损失提供的担保. 它可与“保险”或“保护”互换使用，也可指根据保险单或保险合同本身提供的保护金额. |
D |
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| Declarations |
| 保险合同中包含有关保险风险信息的那一部分，以此为基础签发保险单. 投保人对保险的陈述，通常与承保信息有关. |
| Deductible |
| The amount of a loss, which the insured has to pay. |
| Depreciation |
| Loss in value. The difference between the replacement cost new and present value. |
| Direct writer |
| An insurance company which sells its policies through salaried employees or agents who represent it exclusively, rather than through independent local agents or insurance brokers. 区别于再保险人与被保险人订立合同的保险人. |
| Dividend |
| 将赚得盈余的一部分进行分配，反映收取的保费与实际损失之间的差异. In a mutual or participating company, 它是从保险公司的盈利中返还投保人的. In a stock or nonparticipating insurance company, 它是公司股东之间的利润分配. 退还参与人寿保险保单的部分保费. |
E |
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| Earned premium |
| That part of an insurance premium which pays for the protection the insurance company has already given on a policy. |
| Employer's liability insurance |
| Protects an employer against the claims for damages, 因雇员在工作过程中受伤而引致的伤害. Employer's liability insurance provides protection in cases not covered by workers' compensation insurance. |
| Endorsement |
| A provision added to a policy, to effect a change or alteration of terms or conditions; must be signed by an executive of the company and attached to and made part of the policy to be valid. |
| Exclusion |
| 保险合同中限制保险范围的条款. 保单中所列的原因和条件未包括在内. |
| Exposure |
| This term may refer to the state of being subject to the possibility of loss or the extent of risk as measured by payroll, receipts, area or other standards. |
F |
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| FAIR plan |
| 一种政府保险合作计划，使有困难获得这种保护的人可以随时获得各种形式的财产保险. |
| Fidelity bond |
| A form of insurance, 哪项保障受保雇主不因雇员不诚实而蒙受损失. A bond that reimburses an employer named in the bond for the amount lost due to any covered act of dishonesty by an employee. Blanket fidelity bonds embrace groups of employees. |
| Fiduciary |
| A person who occupies a position of special trust and confidence, 尤指处理或监督他人的财务或资金的. |
| Financial responsibility law |
| 一项要求司机提供有能力支付损害赔偿的证据的法令, either before or after an accident. |
| Fire insurance |
| Contract prescribed by each state subject to modification by endorsements insuring against direct loss from fire, lightning and other defined causes. |
| Fleet policy |
| 一种保险合同，涵盖一个车主的许多车辆. |
| Floater policy |
| 一种保护动产的保单, covering it wherever it may be (e.g., a policy on tourist's baggage). |
| Flood insurance |
| 因溢流或水位上升造成损害的保护合同. |
G |
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| Grace period |
| A period of time, usually thirty-one days following the premium due date, during which a premium may be paid. The policy remains in force throughout this period. |
H |
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| Hazard |
| A specific situation that introduces or increases the probability of the occurrence of a loss arising from a peril, or that may influence the extent of a loss. |
I |
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| Incurred losses |
| 一固定期间内发生之损失，不论是否经调整及支付. |
| Insured |
| An individual or business organization protected in case of loss of property or life under the terms of an insurance policy. |
J |
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| Joint Underwriting Association (JUA) |
| A system used to provide insurance to individuals or businesses that fail to secure coverage in the voluntary market. Although only certain companies issue policies at one rate level and handle claims for those insured, 所有在该州提供保险的公司必须承担最终费用. |
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| Liability limits |
| The sum or sums beyond which a liability insurance company does not protect the insured on a particular policy. The majority of policies covering liability for bodily injury have two limits: a limit of liability to any one person; and another limit, usually higher, for any single accident where more than one person is involved. |
| Litigation |
| The act of carrying on a lawsuit. |
| Loss |
| 根据保险单条款要求赔偿或损害的依据. Any diminution of quantity, quality or value of property. |
| Loss ratio |
| The percentage of losses to premiums. |
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| Malicious mischief |
| 对他人的权利或财产有恶意或邪恶意图的伤害. |
| Multi-peril policy |
| Contrary to what the name might imply, “多重危险保险单”一词并不是指承保两种或两种以上危险的保险单. Instead, it is a policy that combines fire and casualty and marine coverages in a single contract such as the homeowner's policy. |
| Multiple-line policy |
| 这是一种结合传统财产和责任保险的保险方案. |
| Mutual insurance companies |
| Companies with no capital stock, owned by policyholders. 公司在支付损失、营业费用和准备金之外的收入属于投保人的财产. |
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| Named perils |
| Named perils or hazards, policies name the specific perils or hazards the policy insures against. All risk policies do not name the perils specifically. |
| Negligence |
| Failure to do what a reasonably prudent individual would ordinarily do under the circumstances of a particular case, or doing what a prudent person would not have done. Negligence may be caused by acts of omission, commission or both. |
| No-fault automobile insurance |
| 一种保险形式，保险公司为投保人在车祸中造成的经济损失赔付，而不考虑是谁的过错. |
| Notice of loss |
| 保单的条件要求任何对保单承保的财产遭受损失的人应立即(立即)通知公司这种损失. This notice must precede recovery, unless waived by the insurer. 虽然许多公司接受电话通知，但书面通知是必需的. |
O |
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| Occurrence |
| 持续或反复暴露于各种情况下，从而导致损失. Also, 保险单中规定所有由同一一般情况引起的损失的条款，应视为由一次事故引起的损失. |
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| Package policies |
| 在一份合同中包括几种险种的组合保单. |
| Peril |
| Cause of a possible loss, such as fire, theft, explosion, etc. |
| Policyholder |
| 以其名义写保险单的个人或公司. Synonymous with insured. |
| Pool |
| A group of insurance companies that have joined together for the purpose of sharing certain risks on an agreed-upon basis. |
| Premises |
| 保险单合同中规定的特定地点或其部分 |
| Proximate cause |
| The primary cause of an event, which in a natural and continuous sequence, unbroken by any new cause, produced that event, and without which that event would not have happened. For example, water sprayed from the hose of a fire fighter may damage a house, but the primary or proximate cause, of course, was the fire itself. |
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| Rate |
| 每单位的保险费用，作为确定保费的手段或基础. |
| Rating bureau |
| 为其成员提供保险相关服务的组织, most notably, rate making based on statistical data. |
| Rating territory |
| 在一些财产和意外保险公司中，评级区域是指被保险人往往共同承担类似风险的一个地理分组. This practice helps establish rates for the territory. |
| Reinsurance |
| Acceptance by an insurer called a reinsurer, of all or part of the risk of loss of another insurer. Thus, the risk of loss is spread and a disproportionately large loss under a single policy does not fall on one company. |
| Rents or rental value insurance |
| 对因保险危险而造成的租金损失的保护. |
| Replacement cost property insurance |
| Insurance providing the amount payable to the insured as the replacement cost of the property new, 而不是应用于建筑结构或内容的折旧价值. |
| Reserve |
| Funds which are set aside by an insurance company for the purpose of meeting obligations as they become due. A liability set up by an insurer for a particular purpose. |
| Retrospective rating |
| 一种技术，允许根据被保险人在保护期内的最大和最小限度之间的损失经验，对某一风险的最后保险费进行调整. |
| Rider |
| A document or form containing special provisions that are not contained in the policy contract. Such forms are to be added or attached to the policy. |
| Risk |
| A person or thing insured. |
| Risk Control service |
| 为帮助投保人减少损失而设计的检查或工程服务. |
| Risk management |
| 分析所有非竞争性(非生产)的损失风险(由偶然性或意外手段造成的损失)并采取措施将这些潜在的或实际的损失降到组织可接受的水平的实践. |
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| Salvage |
| Damaged property taken by an insurer after it has paid the claim in order to minimize its losses. |
| Schedule |
| An enumeration of various properties covered by a policy. A system for computing rates. |
| Self-insurance |
| An individual or firm's systematic provision of a fund to provide for all or part of its losses. |
| Short rate cancellation |
| The termination of an insurance policy or bond before its expiration either by the insured or the company. The notice necessary before such cancellation becomes effective is almost always stated in the insurance contract. |
| Standard provisions |
| Those clauses that certain state codes prescribe as being inserted in contracts of insurance; Contract provisions in general used by insurers, adopted by a group of insurers, approved by a state insurance department, or required by statute, either literally, in substance, or in a form more favorable to the insured. |
| Stock company |
| A company owned by a number of investors or stockholders. |
| Subrogation |
| The right of the insurance company to recover from a third party the amount paid under the policy. |
| Surety bond |
| 规定在规定期间内未能履行任何具体行为的货币补偿的文书. |
| Suretyship |
| All forms of obligations to pay the debt or default of another. The function of being a surety. |
| Surplus line |
| 否则将受费率或承保范围规管的业务, 根据国家保险法的剩余或超额线规定，在不受监管的基础上放置在非承认的市场. |
| Syndicate |
| Group of companies or other underwriters who join together to insure a certain property which may be of such value, or of such high hazard, 或者说，在合作的基础上，它可以更有效地完成. |
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| Theft insurance |
| Protection for the loss of property due to stealing, including the crimes of burglary, robbery, and larceny. |
| Tort |
| 在合同责任之外对人或财产所犯的法律上的错误. |
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| Underwriter |
| The individual whose duty it is to determine the acceptability of insurance risks; a person whose duty it is to select risks and determine the amounts and terms by which the insurance company will accept the risks. |
| Underwriting profit |
| 指保险公司从赚得的保费中扣除已发生的损失和业务费用后的利润或损失. This amount excludes investment income and is determined before the provision of federal income tax. |
